A Chinese academic who penned an essay blaming the coronavirus pandemic on President Xi Jinping's authoritarianism and censorship has been released after nearly a week in detention, his friends have told AFP.

Xu Zhangrun, a law professor at Beijing's prestigious Tsinghua University, was taken from his home in the capital by a group of more than 20 people on July 6, according to associates.

He returned home on Sunday and was well, two friends confirmed to AFP on Sunday, speaking on condition of anonymity.

In an essay published on overseas websites, Xu had written that the leadership system under Xi -- China's most powerful leader since Mao Zedong -- was "destroying the structure of governance".

He said the lack of openness contributed to the outbreak of the coronavirus, which first appeared in China late last year and eventually spread globally after Communist Party officials tried to suppress initial news of the contagion

The US and the EU last week called Xu's detention a human rights violation, pressing for his release.

"It's good news that Professor Xu has been released, but he should have not been detained in the first place," said Yaqiu Wang, China researcher at Human Rights Watch.

Wang called the prostitution accusation "laughable", saying it was a common government tactic used to smear and silence critics.

Xu is just the latest in a wave of intellectuals swept up in what critics say is a crackdown by Xi on dissent in all spheres of public life.

Legal scholar Zhang Xuezhong was briefly detained by Shanghai police in May after publishing an open letter criticising Beijing's handling of the coronavirus and calling for a democratic government.